一封給國家地理頻道「Dog: Impossible」節目負責人的公開信:
An open letter to the leadership team of Nat Geo Wild Dog Impossible:
Translate: Yu-Hwa Su 翻譯: 蘇昱華
Proof: Yen Ke 校對: 葛雁
The International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants (IAABC) applauds National Geographic’s mission to offer intelligent, relevant and captivating non-fiction entertainment. This is a crucial objective, especially as an introduction to children and viewers largely relying on television for their scientific information.
國際動物行為諮詢師協會(IAABC)對於國家地理頻道致力於提供電視觀眾正確知識與科學內容表示讚賞。這是一個非常重要的目標,特別是對依賴電視得到這些知識的兒童與其他觀眾們來說。
However, your stated mission is in direct conflict with your show Dog: Impossible. In fact, the irresponsible treatment of the dogs and people on this show flies in the face of all best practices in animal training and behavior. Rather than promoting science and scientifically-proven methodology, Dog: Impossible sacrifices learning science for more dramatic television.
然而,貴頻道所提供的節目「Dog: Impossible」卻與貴頻道「提供正確的科學知識」的一貫立場衝突。節目中對犬隻以及飼主的不負責處理方式與應有的動物訓練及行為操作的準則相違背。「Dog: Impossible」並沒有提倡科學以及經科學驗證的方法,這節目犧牲了對科學的學習,轉而追求吸睛的電視節目效果。
Matt Beisner appears to have no credentials or education in training and behavior, yet he refers to himself as a behaviorist. His claim that “energy is the one language that every animal on the planet speaks” makes clear he is not one.
Matt Beisner並沒有動物訓練或行為學的相關學習經歷與證照,卻宣稱自己是一位行為學家。從他的主張:「能量是地球上所有動物都會使用的共通語言」,便能明白他並不是行為學家。
His statement, “You don’t need tricks, you don’t need treats, you don’t need force,” shows just how unaware of his own actions he is. His misuse of scientific terminology leads viewers to believe they are learning demonstrated, safe and accepted strategies in helping their dogs. In fact, Mr. Beisner is forcing these dogs from start to finish of each episode. His own “tricks” are that of over-stressing dogs until they’re in a state referred to in psychology and science as “learned helplessness.”
他主張「你不需要技巧、零食、或蠻力 (去訓練狗)」,這顯示出他對於自己的所做所為一無所知。他對科學術語的濫用也會誤導觀眾,讓觀眾以為他們正在學習經證實有效而且安全可接受的方法來幫助狗狗。但這位訓練師在每一集節目上從頭到尾都是在逼迫這些狗,而他所擁有的「技巧」,就是讓狗進入過度緊迫的狀態,直到牠們進入心理學和科學上所指的「習得無助」(learned helplessness)狀態。
Learned helplessness occurs when a subject endures repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control. Originally thought to show a subject's acceptance of their powerlessness, for more than half a century it’s been known instead to be the emotional “shutting down” of the subject. Anxiety, clinical depression, and related mental illnesses are common consequences of this technique in humans.
「習得無助」發生在動物沒有任何控制權,且重複地被施加嫌惡刺激的時候。最初,人們認為習得無助狀態意味著動物「接受」了自身無法改變、無能為力的情形,超過半個世紀以來,人們認為這是動物情緒「關機(shutting down)」的表現。在人類身上,習得無助的常見結果包含焦慮、憂鬱症、以及相關的心理疾病。
Allow us to note some aspects of the trailer and his shows, but first, to point out a few well-documented and commonly understood aspects of dog behavior so that we may better make our points understood.
在我們解釋為何我們認為此節目的預告片與內容不適當之前,我們希望先闡述一些正確的犬隻行為常識,以便您能更理解我們的觀點。
Canine body language indicating stress and severe stress:
顯示出壓力以及嚴重緊迫的犬隻肢體語言:
Compressed bodies
Dry, raspy panting
Wide, open eyes with dilated pupils
Heavy drooling
“Whipping” head and body back, pushing off a handler in order to get away
Growling
Fighting
Biting
縮緊身體
急促的喘氣
睜大雙眼、散瞳
大量流口水
甩頭、用前爪推抱著狗的人以退後、試圖掙脫
低吼
打架
開咬
Eleven seconds into the trailer, Mr. Beisner rubs his hands together, smiling, and says, “This is going to be gnarly.” All professionals know from that statement what the series will spotlight: A poorly (if at all) educated non-professional pushing dogs way beyond therapeutic limits, in the name of “results.”
在預告片11秒的地方,Beisner先生搓手並笑著說「等一下會很精采喔」。所有專業人士都知道這句話代表這個節目的亮點將會是:一名缺乏適當教育的訓練師,逼迫狗到超過其能承受的極限,並把這樣的結果稱為是良好的改善。
Flooding, the term for inundating a subject with their fears, phobias and triggers, is ethically questionable at best, cruel and unnecessary, always. There's also a common danger of spontaneous recovery of the phobia. This is because flooding doesn't replace the fear-response with a different response, it just replaces it with no response. “No response” is simply suppression, not cure.
「洪水法」,指的是故意將動物置於恐慌或恐懼的觸發刺激情境,這樣的方法不道德、殘忍、而且沒必要。另外,恐懼的自發性回復(spontaneous recovery)也是洪水法常見的風險,這是因為洪水法並沒有將害怕的反應重新制約成其他不同的情緒行為,它只是讓動物沒有反應。「沒有反應」只是壓抑,動物並沒有因此感到不害怕或恐慌。
Throughout the trailer dogs are flooded with aversive stimuli such as other dogs, people and equipment, something an ethical professional would not, and could not do per any answerable guidelines of animal training and behavior care.
在整個預告片中,狗狗被迫接受各種嫌惡刺激的洪水法訓練,例如其他狗、其他人類和物品,這是具有道德的專業訓練人員不會做的,任何負責任的動物訓練及行為照護準則也不會如此建議。
Systematic desensitization and counterconditioning, gradual exposure to the feared object, and replacement of a negative emotional association with a more pleasant one, are the recommended techniques used to treat such fear and aggression cases, per all legitimate veterinary, training and behavior organizations.
系統性減敏與反制約,也就是逐步與少量的讓狗接觸其本來會害怕的事物,並且將引發的少量負面情緒與其非常喜愛的事物配對給予,是用來處理恐懼及攻擊案例的建議方法,也是每個好的獸醫師、訓練及行為機構會推薦的方法。
Beisner’s statement that “We know at the Zen Yard that dogs help other dogs come out of their shell and face their fear and get past their aggression” isn’t just scientifically unsupportable, his words ring hollow during the very scene playing while he says those words: Beisner restraining one dog, while his co-host pulls a leashed dog to the first in a completely unnatural gesture perhaps intended to either mimic natural dog greeting (it doesn’t) or to flood the heavily drooling dog who is unable to move or get away. The dogs end up in a fight. They have been set up to fail, and the outcome is inevitable.
Beisner宣稱「我們在Zen Yard(他的訓練中心)知道狗會去幫助其他狗融入外界、面對牠們的恐懼並且克服攻擊行為」,這句話不只是缺乏科學支持,在影片中他講出這句話時搭配的畫面,亦表現出他的說詞缺乏支持:Beisner限制了第一隻狗的行動,由節目的共同主持人以牽繩將另一隻狗以一個完全不自然的姿勢拉到第一隻狗身邊,他們可能是在試著模仿狗狗自然的社交打招呼行為(但並不是),或使用洪水法訓練那隻狂流口水(顯示牠很緊張)並且無法逃脫的狗。最終兩隻狗打起來,訓練師製造的這個情境,讓失敗的結果無可避免。
In the trailer, the assistant host, Stefanie DiOrio, states, “Nervousness can easily turn to fear which can lead to aggression.” This is an accurate statement, which is why it’s so confusing that the entire show would be predicated on pushing dogs to the very edge of survivable stress and into predictable aggression, doubling down on the issues that their owners are struggling with.
在預告片中,節目的共同主持人Stefanie DiOrio說「緊張不安很容易變成真正的恐懼,並且導致攻擊行為」,這句話是正確的,但也讓人更加困惑為何整個節目的走向都在將狗推向牠們所能承受壓力的極限、觸發根本可預測的攻擊行為、並使飼主所面對的問題加倍惡化。
We know that the dramatic changes in behavior, from stressed and wildly aggressive to “calm” dogs, make for compelling TV. To an average pet owner it looks like these dogs are making huge improvements. All clients just want their dog to “Stop being aggressive.” However, we also know that behavior suppression is not the same as behavior modification, that a stressed and shut-down dog is a more dangerous animal than one who is actively showing aggression, and that the long-term prognosis of this kind of intervention is poor for both the client and their dog.
我們知道行為上戲劇性的變化,從一隻緊迫且兇猛攻擊的狗轉變成“冷靜”的狗,這個過程代表了高收視率,在不十分了解行為學的飼主眼中看來,這些狗狗似乎有巨大的進步。飼主都只是希望他們的狗「不要再有攻擊性」,然而我們也知道單純抑制攻擊行為的出現,並不是真正的行為改善技術。舉例來說一隻高壓力但看似沒有反應的狗,遠比一隻會表現出攻擊性的狗要危險許多 (譯註: 因為這樣的狗可能會沒有徵兆地開咬),因此這種抑制攻擊行為的訓練法,以長遠來看對飼主以及狗狗都是有害的。
It is also worth pointing out that, like his predecessor, Mr Beisner’s assessment of cause for much of the issues he’s asked to address is simple, made especially clear in episode 4 where he not only saves a dog, he “saves a marriage:” Women are unable to effectively lead, must be stronger, must change their ways.
另一個值得注意的事是Beisner先生,如同他在同一個頻道的前輩,西薩,對導致問題的原因評估也過於簡化,例如第四集中他聲稱他不只拯救了狗狗,他還「拯救了這段婚姻」,因為女主人無法有效的領導狗狗,因此她必須更堅強,必須改變他們之間的相處模式。
Misogyny, it seems, cures dog behavior problems. Real exploration and explanation regarding the antecedents and consequences around behaviors are ignored in favor of client blaming.
這段貶抑女性的解釋,看起來似乎能改善犬隻的行為問題,然而關於行為問題真正的前因後果卻被指責客戶所取代,並沒有真正的被探討與解釋。
The clients on the show represent thousands of clients throughout the US and beyond with whom we work every day, helping them to help their dogs. Far from being dogs “other people won’t work with,” the dogs on your show are exactly the clients and dogs that IAABC Certified Dog Behavior Consultants, as well as all members of the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists, Certified Applied Animal Behaviorists, and other certified behavior specialists see and successfully work with every day.
節目中所出現的客戶正代表了我們日常工作中所會幫助的人們與他們的狗,呈現的就是我們在美國跟其他國家的上千位客戶。節目中所出現的這些有著行為問題的狗絕對不是「其他訓練師都不想要處理的狗狗」,事實上這些客戶與狗正是IAABC認證的狗行為諮詢師、美國獸醫行為學家、認證的應用動物行為學家或是其他受認證的行為學專家,每天工作的日常。
We do so using the best practices of our field (see https://m.iaabc.org/about/ethics/), adopted by the leading behavior and training organizations, without psychologically or physically harming the animals we work with.
我們在這個領域也使用最嚴謹的訓練師專業道德守則(英文版參見https://m.iaabc.org/about/ethics/,中文版參見https://reurl.cc/72eVkl),這個守則受領先的行為及訓練機構所採用,使訓練師與行為諮詢師在工作時,不對我們經手的動物造成生理或心理上的傷害。
The IAABC urges Nat Geo WILD to stop promoting this public miseducation. The tactics employed in the name of entertainment are unnecessarily harsh and potentially dangerous to the public, and they teach yet another generation of Nat Geo watchers absolutely incorrect and harmful practices.
IAABC呼籲國家地理頻道(Nat Geo WILD)停止傳播此系列誤導公眾的資訊。以娛樂包裝節目的策略對於觀眾是不必要的粗糙而且有潛在風險的,甚至是向頻道的年輕一代觀眾灌輸完全不正確且有害的做法。
It remains a mystery why your network is so intent on harming dogs. After years of Cesar Milan, to now bring in a man equally unskilled, who equates terrified, angry or entrapped dogs to his own addiction history is remarkable. Are we really satisfied conflating ego with compassion, self-focus with an understanding of animal behavior? Is this the “science” your mission stands for?
我們仍然不知為何貴頻道這麼多年來如此堅持持續傷害狗的這些作為。在西薩 (Cesar Milan) 的節目播映多年之後,現在又引進一個同樣缺乏正確訓練技巧,以自身藥物成癮困擾歷史去錯誤的同理恐懼或憤怒的狗的人。我們能接受一個膨脹自我,而非真正擁有同情心、適當自我聚焦、了解動物行為的「專業人士」嗎?這就是貴節目所宣稱的「科學」立場嗎?
The damage Nat Geo is doing to dogs by choosing this type of programming is astounding. We can only assume that the producers are unaware of this, as it’s hard to imagine such harm and cruelty would be deliberate.
國家地理頻道選擇製作這類節目對於狗狗的傷害甚鉅,我們只能假定節目製作人並沒有意識到這點,因為我們難以想像會有人故意去做這樣有害且殘忍的事情。
Would you show a reality program on heart surgery with a photogenic “self-taught” practitioner, simply stating the star was not a doctor before showing him mutilating a real patient?
想問貴節目是否會採用一個上鏡的“自學”外科醫生錄製心臟手術的實境節目,告知觀眾他並非真正的醫生,然後播放他對病患動刀的畫面?
I leave you with the clearest image of suffering and abuse from your trailer: the Aussie, stressed to the breaking point, thick ropes of drool streaming from its mouth, being choked by a slip lead to compensate for the host’s inability to even effectively muzzle a dog. This dog is at the point of collapse. This dog is being tortured, and that is not hysteria. That is an assessment by any educated measure.
作為結尾,我希望指出貴節目預告片中明確顯示出狗狗受苦或受虐的畫面:那隻澳洲牧羊犬已經瀕臨壓力的極限,您可以看到口水掛在其嘴邊 (大量口水為壓力徵兆),口罩因為沒有確實的配戴而滑脫,導致牠被勒到快要窒息,已在崩潰邊緣。具備專業與適當教育的人員指出,這隻狗因在節目上被虐待而情緒崩潰,並非其本身歇斯底里。
Please stop this cruel and dangerous programming. To do otherwise is to support that self-taught heart surgery and all the consequences it would bring; that this show is currently bringing to families struggling with their dogs.
Professionals refer to Cesar Milan’s influence on dog training as “job security” because so many dogs ruined or made far worse by his teachings are brought to us by well-intentioned, often weeping owners desperate for real help. Often it is too late.
請停止這系列殘酷且危險的節目。否則貴節目就等同於支持前面舉例的自學的心臟外科「醫師」進行手術一樣,這些危險的後果正由觀眾與他們的狗承擔。專業訓犬人士將西薩米蘭對訓犬的影響戲稱為「工作保障」,因為太多飼主使用了他教授的技巧後,狗狗的狀況變得更糟,而哭著迫切尋找真正的協助,此時通常都為時已晚。
We do not want more work due to this same phenomenon.
我們不想要因為這個節目帶來類似影響而接到更多工作。
We’d be happy to provide you with any education and resources you need to inform your producers about what would qualify as responsible, effective, safe and thoughtful work with the same “red zone” dogs you sell so well.
但我們很樂意提供貴頻道任何需要的教育與資源,讓您們的節目製作人對訓犬工作應有的品質有所理解,例如負責、有效、安全,並且理解到對於在節目中出現的這些「危險」犬隻,事實上有更合理的訓練方法。
Thank you for your consideration.
謝謝您的閱讀與理解。
Marjie Alonso
Executive Director, IAABC
For the Board of Directors
Marjie Alonso
IAABC執行長
代表董事會發言
being natural 意味 在 愛必 Facebook 的精選貼文
#巴夏 談療癒是如何運作的
Also allow yourselves to understand the following thing about healing:
關於"療癒",你們要明白以下幾個要點:
Many of you are healers or have a desire to be healers of one type or another.
你們中很多人都是某種形式的療癒師,或者有意願要成為一名療癒師。
Understand what it means to be a healer.
所謂療癒師,意味著:
You"re not really healing anybody else directly.
#你並沒有直接療癒某個人。
A healer creates,in whatever way they choose to,a vibrational field of energy.
而是你以自己所選擇的方式,#創造一個振動能量場。
It does not matter what way you choose,you still create this vibrational field whether you choose to imagine it or not.
不論你選擇什麼樣的方式,不論你是否運用了想像力,你時刻都在創造振動能量場
It is simply the natural energy field that all of you have,
振動能量場是每個人天生所具有的。
But it vibrates at a certain frequency that is representative of your desire and your intention to help another person.
但你的療癒的振動能量場,它有著一定的頻率,代表著你的渴望,以及你想要幫助他人的意願。
Therefore,it is important for the healer to be balanced as well,so the vibration of balance is in the energy field.
所以,你的能量必須平衡,這點非常重要,只有這樣,你的能量場中才會有平衡的振動。
When you attract someone to you who wishes assistance,what you are actually doing as a healer is giving off a particular vibrational pitch for them to be immersed in.
當你吸引某個人,前來尋求你的幫助,作為一名療癒師,你實際上做的,是將他們籠罩在你所散發出特定"振動音調"之中。
Thus,the vibrational pitch of that energy field is like an invitation to that person to match your vibration with their energy.
你能量場中的這個"振動音調" #就像一個邀請函,邀請對方將他們的能量與你的能量相匹配。
Then,bit-by-bit,either quickly or slowly,in matching the energy of the healer,the person becomes healed by healing themselves.
#當他們選擇與你的能量相匹配,那麼他們就會一點一點地,或快或慢地,把自己療癒,恢復健康狀態。
That is how all healing works.
所有的療癒,都是這麼運作的。
Doesn"t matter what style,doesn"t matter how fast or slow the process.
重要的不是形式,也不是過程的快慢
It's a matter of changing the vibration of the belief system of the person to be healed,so they heal themselves,with reflective assistance.
重要的是你作為他們(健康的狀態的)投射,由於你的幫助,對方的信念系統改變為"自己是已經被療癒的振頻"
So,if you have a great desire to be a healer or to share with people,to be of service in any way,it is very important to remember that what they are mostly going to be picking up on is your vibrational pattern of balance
所以,如果你有強烈的願望要成為一名療癒師,或教別人如何做療癒,或為他人做任何形式的服務,那有一點非常重要,你必須記住,就是:他們從你那裡獲得的 最多的是你的平衡的能量振動模式
Now,if you are excited about being a healer,then understand you will be able to help all those that come to you,because you have attracted them with your particular vibration.
如果你對"成為一名療癒師"感到很興奮,那你要明白:來找你的任何人,你都能幫助他們。正是因為你的特定的振頻,你才能吸引他們前來。
Doesn"t necessarily mean that you will have the effect on them that you might expect with your mentality.
但這並不意味著療癒的效果一定會如你所預期的
But if they are attracted to you,they are attracted to you for a reason and they will get something out of it.
但如果他們受你所吸引,那肯定有某種原因,以及某種收穫,他們才會被你所吸引。
If you are excited about being a healer but are doubtful about your ability to be of assistance to someone else,then you yourself are creating a "negative" vibration in your field.
如果你對"成為一名療癒師"感到很興奮,但你卻懷疑自己的能力,不知道自己能否幫助對方,那你的"不相信",就會在你的能量場創造出負面的振動。
And of course,then you might perhaps fulfill your own prophecy and will not be able to help them.
結果可能就是:你實現了對自己的預言,並且沒法幫助他們。
But if it is truly exciting for you to be a healer in any way,then relax and trust that the vibration that you are will benefit them in some way,shape or form.
但如果不論情形如何,你都對"成為一名療癒師"真心感到興奮,那你只需要放輕鬆,相信你的振頻會以某種方式讓對方受益。
原標題:成為「靈性療癒師」的關鍵點
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也就是說-當你的意識與潛意識都準備好要接受療癒,接受頻率的改變與調整,那麼你將能逐漸、完美地匹配上療癒師提供療癒與健康的頻率。
預約靈氣與儀式療癒:http://bit.ly/2Pu9xy0
#小分享之必要 #療癒的原理
being natural 意味 在 多益達人 林立英文 Facebook 的最讚貼文
【時事英文】
Is busy life supposed to be cereal killer?
生活繁忙是否造成穀片早餐的衰亡?
If you are a fan of US TV series, you’ll be familiar with the morning breakfast routine: Each family member pours a mound of cereal into a bowl, adds enough milk to send it flowing over the top, before getting stuck into their sugary start to the day. 如果你是美國電視劇粉絲的話,你一定很熟悉這樣的例行早餐場景:家裡的每個 人都往碗裡倒了一堆穀物,再從上頭倒入牛奶,接下來就可以開始享用他們甜蜜蜜的 早餐,展開新的一天。
For generations, cereal has been the bedrock of the American breakfast, but it now seems to be losing some of its momentum. Sales of breakfast cereals in the US have gone stale, owing to concerns about the morning food’s lack of nutrition, as well as a rise in demand for more convenient options for those constantly in a hurry. 對於好幾個世代來說,穀物已經成為了美式早餐的基礎,然而現在似乎不再如此 了。在美國,由於人們擔心這種早餐缺乏營養,而且趕時間的人也希望能有更方便的 選擇,穀物早餐的銷量已逐漸式微。
There’s nothing new about cereal being labeled less than nutritious and too high in calories. Critics for years have been saying that some cereals—too much sugar. 穀物被貼上了「沒營養又高熱量」的標籤,這並不稀奇。批評者們經年累月地一 直指出,某些穀物含有太多的糖分。
But the consumer’s desire for a healthier way to start the day is now at its highest ever. 但消費者要求以更健康方式展開一天生活的需求已經高過以往的任何時候。
Shoppers are seeking out “high protein and fiber content and natural ingredients,” the US-based research firm Mintel Group Ltd. said in a report. “Consumers today believe cereal is overly processed and doesn’t contain enough nutrients.” 位於美國的調查公司英敏特集團有限公司在一份報告中指出,消費者們正在尋找 「高蛋白又富含纖維的自然食材。」「如今的消費者們認為,穀物被過度加工,不夠 營養。」
That means cereal is facing stiff competition from fresh fruit, yogurt, breakfast bars and drinks, and even all-day breakfast meals at McDonald’s or other fast-food chains. 這意味著穀物正面臨著來自鮮果、優格、早餐棒或早餐飲料,甚至是麥當勞或者 其他速食連鎖店販售全時段早餐套餐的激烈競爭。
“Consumers are increasingly seeking products that match their personal definition of real food, and that can mean foods that are less processed and have simple labels with recognizable ingredients,” Kendall Powell, chairman of the US-based food company General Mills, said at an investors’ conference in July. 「越來越多的消費者在尋找符合自身對於真正食物的定義的產品,這意味著食品 要減少加工,並貼上可辨認的成分標籤,」美國食品公司通用磨坊董事長 Kendall Powell 在七月的一場投資人大會上如此表示。
Another big challenge for the industry is the ever-changing pattern of breakfast eaters, with an emphasis increasingly being placed on satisfying time-squeezed lifestyles. This desire for convenience seems to be especially evident among millennials – those aged 18 to 34. When Mintel surveyed consumers last year, 39 percent of millennials said that cereal was inconvenient because it involved cleaning a dish afterwards. 該行業面臨的另一大挑戰是人們千變萬化的早餐模式,且他們越來越關注滿足緊 縮時間的生活形式。這種追求方便的渴望似乎在千禧世代(18-34 歲)中特別明顯。 英敏特去年對消費者進行調查時,39%的千禧世代表示,穀物吃起來並不方便,因為 吃完後還要洗碗。
“Millennials want something quick and simple in the morning, and they love variety,” said Craig Bahner, president of US morning foods at Kellogg Co. 「千禧世代希望早上是吃那種簡單快捷的餐點,而他們也喜歡多樣性,」美國早 餐食品公司家樂氏的董事長 Craig Bahner 認為。
Then, there’s the issue of price. Brand-name cereal prices jumped after the financial crisis in 2008, owing largely to the higher prices of grains and other ingredients. It’s only in the last two years that prices have stabilized. 然後就是價格問題。2008 年的金融海嘯之後,知名品牌穀物的價格暴漲。這很大 程度上源于穀粒和其他食材的價格上漲。而這些食品的價格近兩年來才趨於穩定。
However, manufacturers and industry analysts say that if breakfast cereal makers can keep on adapting to changing consumer needs, especially among millennials, the business can grow again. 然而,製造商和產業分析師認為,如果穀物早餐的生產商能夠適應消費者們,尤 其是千禧世代不斷變化的需求,業績依然能夠再次成長。
“While millennials may look at breakfast differently, they are still eating a lot of cereal, just not always for breakfast,” said Jim Murphy, president of General Mills’ cereal division. “According to Nielsen data, ready-to-eat cereal is in 90 percent of all households and nearly 94 percent of millennial households. For this group, cereal is more than just a breakfast item. It is also a popular snack option.” 「儘管千禧世代看待早餐的方式或許不同了,但他們仍食用不少穀物,只不過不 僅僅是作為早餐,」通用磨坊早餐穀物部的負責人 Jim Murphy 如是說。 「尼爾森公司 的資料顯示,在所有家庭中,90%購買了即食穀物,而將近 94%的千禧世代家庭中備 有穀物。對於這一群體而言,穀物不僅僅是早餐,也是個很受歡迎的零食選擇。」
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